Unix History Diagram

From: Warren Toomey < wkt@henry.cs.adfa.oz.au>
Message-Id: <199812142344.KAA05594@henry.cs.adfa.oz.au>
Subject: Unix History Diagram
To: pups@minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au (Unix Heritage Society)
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1998 10:44:25 +1100 (EST)
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All,

I was thinking of trying to update my `History of UNIX' diagram at
http://minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au/TUHS/Images/unixtimeline.gif, to bring it up
to date and make it more accurate. The current status of my update is at:

	http://minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au/Unix_History/

I'm missing details on many of the commercial versions of UNIX:

	+ SunOS/Solaris
	+ SysVR4.x
	+ Ultrix
	+ Xenix
	+ Unixware :-)
	+ BSDI stuff
	+ lots more

If anybody can supply release dates and relationships for systems that I
don't have yet, could you email them to me with a reference where possible.

This is going to be a back-burner project, I'll do a bit here and there, but
hopefully by sometime next year we'll have a large wall-sized family tree
for UNIX.

Cheers,
	Warren

Message-Id: <199812150323.IAA09225@harrier.Uznet.NET>
From: Michael Sokolov < msokolov@harrier.Uznet.NET>
Date: 15 Dec 1998   03:23:10 GMT
To: pups@minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
Subject: Re: Unix History Diagram
Sender: owner-pups@minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
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   Warren Toomey < wkt@henry.cs.adfa.oz.au> wrote:
> The current status of my update is at:
>
> http://minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au/Unix_History/
   
   I have looked at it. Note that the data files are not hyperlinked. I
don't think this is intentional, is it?
   
   Being the TUHS 4BSD Coordinator :-), I feel obligated to do some work on
the 4bsd data file. Quoting:
   
> 3bsd
>         Name: 3BSD
>         Date: 1980-03
>         Reference: last-mod timestamps in Distributions/ucb/3bsd.tar
>         Successor to 32V
>         Code taken from 2bsd
> #                       virtual memory, page replacement,
> #                       demand paging
>
> 4bsd
>         Name: 4BSD
>         Date: 1980-10
>         Reference: Quarter Century of UNIX by Peter Salus, pg 164
>         Successor to 3bsd
   
   Are you sure that virtual memory appears first in 3BSD? I have always
thought that it's a 4BSD milestone. Page replacement and demand paging
probably go with it.
   
> 4.2bsd
>         Name: 4.2BSD
>         Date: 1983-09
>         Reference: Quarter Century of UNIX by Peter Salus, pg 164
>         Successor to 4.1cbsd
   
   I would add the following comment:
   
> #                       Landmark filesystem change.
> #                       VAX hardware support extended to 11/730.
> #                       Now runs on 11/780, 11/750, 11/730.
   
   Further:
> 4.3bsd
>         Name: 4.3BSD
>         Date: 1986-06
>         Reference: Quarter Century of UNIX by Peter Salus, pg 165
>         Successor to 4.2bsd
   
   I would add:
   
>         Code taken from DEC Ultrix with DEC's blessing
> #                       DNS added to the standard libc
> #                               (no MX records in Sendmail, though).
> #                       Added DEC's VAX 8600 and TMSCP support code
> #                               with DEC's blessing.
> #                       Added kernel-only support for MicroVAX II
> #                               (KA630). Without DEC's help!
> #                               It's unusable, though.
   
   Sorry, I don't know the Ultrix version (don't even know if it's a
release and not some DEC internal code), but it's obviously among the very
first.
   
   Further:
> 4.3tahoe
>         Name: 4.3BSD Tahoe
>         Date: 1988-06
>         Reference: Quarter Century of UNIX by Peter Salus, pg 165
>         Successor to 4.3bsd
   
   I would add:
   
>         Code taken from CCI's 4.2BSD-based vendor release
> #                       tahoe architecture support added.
> #                       VAX hardware support enhancements:
> #                           MicroVAX II (KA630) support made actually
> #                               usable and extended to support QVSS and
> #                               QDSS graphics.
> #                           VAX 8200 support added by Chris Torek.
> #                           New drivers for disk MSCP (U/Q and BI).
> #                       No distribution tapes for VAX ever shipped,
> #                               though.
> #                       MX record support in Sendmail!
   
   Further:
> 4.3reno
>         Name: 4.3BSD Reno
>         Date: 1990-06
>         Reference: Quarter Century of UNIX by Peter Salus, pg 165
>         Successor to 4.3tahoe
   
   I would add:
   
>         Influenced by Sun and DEC vendor systems (NFS and /var)
> #                       experimental hp300 architecture support added.
> #                       MicroVAX support extended to KA650 (MicroVAX III)
> #                               everywhere except the tmscp bootblock.
   
   Back to Warren:
> I'm missing details on many of the commercial versions of UNIX:
>
> + SunOS/Solaris
> [...]
> + Ultrix
   
   I know that SunOS and Ultrix played key roles in the history of BSD
(huge bidirectional exchange of code and ideas between CSRG, Sun, and DEC),
but I don't know anything about versions and such.
   
> + BSDI stuff
   
   Just like 386BSD, FreeBSD, and NetBSD, it's based on Net/2, 4.4BSD-Lite,
and 4.4BSD-Lite2. That's all I know.
   
   Sincerely,
   Michael Sokolov
   Cellular phone: 216-217-2579
   ARPA Internet SMTP mail: msokolov@harrier.Uznet.NET

Message-Id: <199812150510.VAA06982@flamingo.McKusick.COM>
To: Michael Sokolov < msokolov@harrier.Uznet.NET>
Subject: Re: Unix History Diagram 
cc: pups@minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
In-reply-to: Your message of "15 Dec 1998 03:23:10 GMT."
             <199812150323.IAA09225@harrier.Uznet.NET> 
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 21:10:48 -0800
From: Kirk McKusick < mckusick@mckusick.com>
Sender: owner-pups@minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
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	From: Michael Sokolov < msokolov@harrier.Uznet.NET>
	Date: 15 Dec 1998   03:23:10 GMT
	To: pups@minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
	Subject: Re: Unix History Diagram
	Sender: owner-pups@minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au

	...

	   Are you sure that virtual memory appears first in 3BSD? I have always
	thought that it's a 4BSD milestone. Page replacement and demand paging
	probably go with it.

The first virtual memory release was 3BSD. It's performance was
significantly improved in 4BSD.

	Kirk

Message-ID: <19981215180615.H15815@freebie.lemis.com>
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1998 18:06:15 +1030
From: Greg Lehey < grog@lemis.com>
To: wkt@cs.adfa.oz.au
Cc: Unix Heritage Society < pups@minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au>
Subject: Re: Unix History Diagram
References: <199812142344.KAA05594@henry.cs.adfa.oz.au>
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On Tuesday, 15 December 1998 at 10:44:25 +1100, Warren Toomey wrote:
> All,
>
> I was thinking of trying to update my `History of UNIX' diagram at
> http://minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au/TUHS/Images/unixtimeline.gif, to bring it up
> to date and make it more accurate. The current status of my update is at:
>
> 	http://minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au/Unix_History/
>
> I'm missing details on many of the commercial versions of UNIX:
>
>> SunOS/Solaris
>> SysVR4.x
>> Ultrix
>> Xenix
>> Unixware :-)
>> BSDI stuff
>> lots more
>
> If anybody can supply release dates and relationships for systems that I
> don't have yet, could you email them to me with a reference where possible.

OK, I've dragged out some old tapes which may be of some interest:

Tandem NonStop UX for Tandem LXN (68020), effectively System V.2, 10
April 1987.

Tandem NonStop-UX B00 for Tandem LXN (68020), effectively System
V.3.0, dated 22 August 1989.

Tandem NonStop-UX B10 for Tandem LXN (68020), effectively System
V.3.1, dated 20 September 1989.

Consensys UNIX System V.4.2.1.0, in PaCkAgE DaTaStReAm mode (yup,
that's what it says).  I'm not sure how reliable this is, but the
first package has the PSTAMP destiny921114141358, which presumably can
be interpreted as a date; certainly it's plausible.

BSD BSD/386, version 0.3.2.  The tar archive has the date Feb 28 09:18
1992 on the first few files; presumably this is US MST.

Univel Unixware 1.0, also this funny PaCkAgE DaTaStReAm.  This one has
a PSTAMP=SVR4.2 11/02/92.  I'd assume that they really meant 2
November 1992.

I've got a number of old CDs which I haven't looked at yet.  I'd guess
that I have most FreeBSD releases, and we can find the rest.

Greg
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From: Warren Toomey < wkt@henry.cs.adfa.oz.au>
Message-Id: <199812152217.JAA06715@henry.cs.adfa.oz.au>
Subject: Re: Unix History Diagram
To: pups@minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au (Unix Heritage Society)
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1998 09:17:01 +1100 (EST)
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All,
	Goodness, that was a lot of email :-) I spent the night playing with
the Graphviz tools, and my first drawing of the UNIX family tree is now on
the web page I mentioned yesterday

	http://minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au/Unix_History/

I've fixed the broken HTML so that Lynx will read the pages. I haven't
had a chance to convert all the version/date information that was sent in,
and I probably won't get to it before January.

Mind you, if people convert it into the file format I'm using, and mail it
to me, then it will be included immediately :-)

Anyway, thanks for all the feedback, and I'll get to it eventually.

Cheers,
	Warren

Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1998 16:17:50 -0600 (CST)
From: Mike Jenkins < mjenkins@carp.gbr.epa.gov>
Message-Id: <199812212217.QAA15443@carp.gbr.epa.gov>
To: pups@minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au
Subject: Re: Unix History Diagram
In-Reply-To: <199812142344.KAA05594@henry.cs.adfa.oz.au>
Sender: owner-pups@minnie.cs.adfa.edu.au
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There is a diagram at The Internet Operating System Counter which is at
http://www.hzo.cubenet.de/ioscount/.  Take the "Unix networking" link.
It was published in iX, a German magazine.

Mike

Message-ID: <19981222131415.A85005@freebie.lemis.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1998 13:14:15 +1030
From: Greg Lehey < grog@lemis.com>
To: Mike Jenkins < mjenkins@carp.gbr.epa.gov>, pups@minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au
Subject: Re: Unix History Diagram
References: <199812142344.KAA05594@henry.cs.adfa.oz.au> <199812212217.QAA15443@carp.gbr.epa.gov>
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On Monday, 21 December 1998 at 16:17:50 -0600, Mike Jenkins wrote:
> There is a diagram at The Internet Operating System Counter which is at
> http://www.hzo.cubenet.de/ioscount/.  Take the "Unix networking" link.
> It was published in iX, a German magazine.

As I feared when I heard it came from iX, it's *very* inaccurate.
For example, it claims that 1BSD was derived from 32/V (should have
been 3BSD), derives 1BSD from 1BSD and 4.1BSD (should be 4BSD) from
the second 1BSD (should be 3BSD), derives ``BSDI'' from 4.3BSD, when
in fact BSD/OS is derived from 4.4BSD, doesn't mention System V(.1) or
System V.3, etc.  And all this is OS code, not networking code.

Greg
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From: Warren Toomey < wkt@henry.cs.adfa.edu.au>
Message-Id: <199901202247.JAA08078@henry.cs.adfa.edu.au>
Subject: Early UNIX dates
To: pups@minnie.cs.adfa.oz.au (Unix Heritage Society)
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1999 09:47:37 +1100 (EST)
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All,
	After some reading though papers and books, I've come up with the
following brief timeline of very early UNIX development. I just thought
some of you might find it interesting.

	Warren


		   Early dates of UNIX Development

As accurately as we can tell, anyway! References given where possible.

1969
	Unknown: Ken creates `Space Travel'. It was first written on Multics,
		then transliterated into Fortran for GECOS, then Ken and
		Dennis rewrote Space Travel to run on the PDP-7
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html]

	Mid-year: Bell Labs withdraws from the Multics project
		  [QCU pg 8]

	April, May, June: Ken is interested in writing a file system
		  [QCU pg 8]

	Mid-year: Ken brings the file system to life on the PDP-7 in a month
		  [QCU pg 10]

	Unknown: Ken develops the B language
		  [QCU pg 34],
		  [http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/chist.html]

1970
	Unknown: Peter Neumann coins the term `Unics', which is
		subsequently changed to `Unix'
		  [QCU pg 9]

	Unknown: Alternatively, Brian Kernighan suggests the name `Unix'
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html]

	Mid-year: The PDP-11/20 is purchased, with no disk drives
		[QCU pg 35],
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html]

	3 months later: The disks arrive
		  [http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/chist.html]

	Unknown: Ken recodes the Unix kernel and some commands in PDP-11
		assembly code
		  [http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/chist.html]

1971
	January-March: PDP-11 version largely rewritten during this period
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/notes.html]

	February: PDP-11 Unix beccomes ``operational''
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/cacm.html]

	Unknown: Dennis extends B to be NB
		  [http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/chist.html]

	Spring: roff rewritten in PDP-11 assembler language, starting from
		the PDP-7 version that had been transliterated from
		McIlroy's BCPL version on Multics, which had in turn been
		inspired by J. Saltzer's runoff program on CTSS
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html]
	
	November: First Edition manuals were published
		  [QCU pg 43]

1972
	January: The Labs issues a technical memorandum, written by Ken,
		describing the B language on the PDP-11
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/kbman.html]

	March: First manual for cc(1)
		  [QCU pg 48]

	March: UNIX is running on at least 5 PDP-11/20s
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/notes.html]

	June: DEC starts to ship the PDP-11/45. The Labs purchases one
		sonn after this
		[http://www.village.org/pdp11/faq.pages/11model.html]

	June: Second Edition manuals were published. 10 UNIX installations
		  [QCU pg 43]

	Unknown: Ken adds pipes to the assembly-language version of the kernel
		[QCU pg 51],
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/hist.html]

1973
	January: the `nsys' kernel in the PUPS archive, written in C
		[timestamps on the files]

	February: Third Edition manuals were published. 16 UNIX installations
		  [QCU pg 43]
		  Kernel is still the assembly-language version
		  [private email from dmr dated 7 Jan 1999]

	September: The C version of the kernel is adopted over the
		assembly-language version
		  [private email from dmr dated 18 Jan 1999]

	October: First UNIX paper, presented by Ken at the Fourth
    		ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/cacm.html]

	November: Fourth Edition manuals were published
		  [QCU pg 43]

1974
	June: Fifth Edition manuals were published
		  [QCU pg 43]

	July: Ken's SOSP published in Communications of the ACM, 17, No. 7
		[http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/cacm.html]